the school of the Stoics

portĭcus, ūs, f. (also heteroclit. acc. plur. PORTICOS, Inscr. Orell. 4043) [porta], a walk covered by a roof supported on columns, a colonnade, piazza, arcade, gallery, porch, portico, = stoa.

Lit.:

omnes porticus commetiri,

Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 7:

porticum aedificare,

id. ib. 3, 2, 69; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14:

inambulare in porticu,

id. Rep. 1, 12, 18:

viae latae, porticus, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 31, 43:

porticuum laxitas,

Suet. Calig. 37:

porticuum,

id. Dom. 14; Vitr. 5, 1:

in amplis porticibus,

Verg. A. 3, 353; cf. id. ib. 2, 528:

me porticus excepit,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 134; id. Ep. 1, 1, 71:

porticus, in quā gestetur dominus,

Juv. 7, 178:

triplex,

Vulg. Ezech. 42, 3.—In the upper story, Dig. 39, 2, 47.—

Transf.

The entrance or porch of a tent ( poet.): saucii opplent porticus, the porches, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 16, 38.—

A weather-board, shed, Col. 9 praef. § 2; 9, 7, 4; 9, 14, 14.—

A long shed or gallery to protect soldiers in sieges, Caes. B. C. 2, 2, 3.—

The Porch or Portico, meaning the school of the Stoics (from stoa, porch, the place where Zeno taught); hence, transf., the Stoic philosophy, the Stoics:

Chrysippus, qui fulcire putatur porticum Stoicorum,

Cic. Ac. 2, 24, 75; cf. Hor. S. 2, 3, 44: clamat Zeno et tota illa porticus tumultuatur, Cic. Fragm. ap. Aug. contr. Ac. 3, 7; Gell. 12, 5, 10.

pŏpŭlāris (sync. poplāris, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 36), e, adj. [1. populus], of or belonging to the people, proceeding from or designed for the people.

In gen.:

populares leges,

i. e. laws instituted by the people, Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

accessus,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8, § 25:

coetus,

id. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

munus,

a donation to the people, id. Off. 2, 16, 56:

popularia verba usitata,

id. ib. 2, 10, 35; cf.:

ad usum popularem atque civilem disserere,

id. Leg. 3, 6, 14:

dictio ad vulgarem popularemque sensum accommodata,

id. de Or. 1, 23, 108:

oratio philosophorum... nec sententiis nec verbis instructa popularibus,

id. Or. 19, 64:

popularis oratio,

id. ib. 44, 151:

populari nomine aliquid appellare,

Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 48:

laudes,

in the mouths of the people, Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

admiratio,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 2:

honor,

Cic. Dom. 18:

ventus,

popular favor, id. Clu. 47, 130 init.:

aura,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 20:

civitas,

democracy, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 200 (opp. regia civitas, monarchy):

popularia sacra sunt, ut ait Labeo, quae omnes cives faciunt nec certis familiis attributa sunt,

Fest. p.253 Müll.—

Subst.: pŏpŭlārĭa, ĭum, n. (sc. subsellia), the seats of the people in the theatre, the common seats, Suet. Claud. 25; id. Dom. 4 fin. —

In partic.

Of or belonging to the same people or country, native, indigenous (as an adj. rare):

Sappho puellis de popularibus querentem vidimus,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 25:

flumina,

of the same district, Ov. M. 1, 577:

oliva,

native, id. ib. 7, 498.—

As subst.: pŏpŭlāris, is, comm. (freq. and class.).

Masc., a countryman, fellow-countryman:

redire ad suos populares, Naev. ap. Fest. s. v. stuprum, p. 317 Müll.: o mi popularis, salve,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 79:

o populares,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 1; id. Ad. 2, 1, 1:

popularis ac sodalis suus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

ego vero Solonis, popularis tui, ut puto, etiam mei, legem neglegam (for Cicero had also lived in Athens),

id. Att. 10, 1, 2:

popularis alicujus definiti loci (opp. civis totius mundi),

id. Leg. 1, 23, 61:

non populares modo,

Liv. 29, 1:

cum turbā popularium,

Just. 43, 1, 6: quae res indicabat populares esse.—

Fem.:

mea popularis opsecro haec est?

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 35; 4, 4, 36; 4, 8, 4 al.; Sall. J. 58, 4:

tibi popularis,

Ov. M. 12, 191.—

Transf.

Of animals and plants of the same region:

leaena, Ov. lb. 503: (glires) populares ejusdem silvae (opp. alienigenae, amne vel monte discreti),

Plin. 8, 57, 82, § 224:

populares eorum (prunorum) myxae,

id. 15, 13, 12, § 43.—

Of persons of the same condition, occupation, tastes, etc., a companion, partner, associate, accomplice, comrade: meus popularis Geta, fellow (i. e. a slave), Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 1:

populares conjurationis,

Sall. C. 24, 1; 52, 14:

sceleris,

id. ib. 22, 1: invitis hoc nostris popularibus dicam, the men of our school, i. e. the Stoics, Sen. Vit. Beat. 13.—

In a political signification, of or belonging to the people, attached or devoted to the people (as opposed to the nobility), popular, democratic:

res publica ex tribus generibus illis, regali et optumati et populari confusa modice,

Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 41 (ap. Non. 342, 31):

homo maxime popularis,

Cic. Clu. 28, 77:

consul veritate non ostentatione popularis,

id. Agr. 1, 7, 23: animus vere popularis, saluti populi consulens, id. Cat. 4, 5, 9:

ingenium,

Liv. 2, 24:

sacerdos, i. e. Clodius, as attached to the popular party,

Cic. Sest. 30, 66:

vir,

Liv. 6, 20: homo, of the common people (opp. rex), Vulg. Sap. 18, 11. —Hence, subst.: pŏpŭlāres, ĭum, m., the people's party, the democrats (opp. optimates, the aristocrats):

duo genera semper in hac civitate fuerunt... quibus ex generibus alteri se populares, alteri optimates et haberi et esse voluerunt. Quia ea quae faciebant, multitudini jucunda esse volebant, populares habebantur,

Cic. Sest. 45, 96:

qui populares habebantur,

id. ib. 49, 105:

ex quo evenit, ut alii populares, alii studiosi optimi cujusque videantur,

id. Off. 1, 25, 85.—

Acceptable to the people, agreeable to the multitude, popular:

dixi in senatu me popularem consulem futurum. Quid enim est tam populare quam pax?

Cic. Agr. 2, 4, 9:

potest nihil esse tam populare quam id quod ego consul popularis adfero, pacem, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 37, 102:

quo nihil popularius est,

Liv. 7, 33, 3:

populare gratumque audientibus,

Plin. Paneg. 77, 4.—

Of or belonging to the citizens (as opposed to the soldiery):

quique rem agunt duelli, quique populare auspicium,

Cic. Leg.2, 8; cf.Amm. 14, 10; usually as subst.: popŭlāris, is, m., a citizen (post-class.):

multa milia et popularium et militum,

Capitol. Ant. Phil. 17; Dig. 1, 12, 1 fin.:

popularibus militibusque,

Juv. 26, 3, 5; Amm. 22, 2.—

Belonging to or fit for the common people; hence, common, coarse, mean, bad: sal. Cato, R. R. 88:

pulli (apium),

Col. 9, 11, 4: popularia agere, to play coarse tricks, Laber. ap. Non. 150, 25.—Hence, adv.: pŏpŭlārĭter.

After the manner of the common people, i. e. commonly, coarsely, vulgarly, Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

loqui,

id. Fin. 2, 6, 17:

scriptus liber (opp. limatius),

id. ib. 5, 5, 12.—

In a popular manner, popularly, democratically:

agere,

Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73:

conciones seditiose ac populariter excitatae,

id. Clu. 34, 93:

occidere quemlibet populariter,

to win popularity, Juv. 3, 37.

pŏpŭlāris (sync. poplāris, Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 36), e, adj. [1. populus], of or belonging to the people, proceeding from or designed for the people.

In gen.:

populares leges,

i. e. laws instituted by the people, Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

accessus,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8, § 25:

coetus,

id. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

munus,

a donation to the people, id. Off. 2, 16, 56:

popularia verba usitata,

id. ib. 2, 10, 35; cf.:

ad usum popularem atque civilem disserere,

id. Leg. 3, 6, 14:

dictio ad vulgarem popularemque sensum accommodata,

id. de Or. 1, 23, 108:

oratio philosophorum... nec sententiis nec verbis instructa popularibus,

id. Or. 19, 64:

popularis oratio,

id. ib. 44, 151:

populari nomine aliquid appellare,

Plin. 13, 4, 9, § 48:

laudes,

in the mouths of the people, Cic. Ac. 2, 2, 6:

admiratio,

id. Fam. 7, 1, 2:

honor,

Cic. Dom. 18:

ventus,

popular favor, id. Clu. 47, 130 init.:

aura,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 20:

civitas,

democracy, Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 200 (opp. regia civitas, monarchy):

popularia sacra sunt, ut ait Labeo, quae omnes cives faciunt nec certis familiis attributa sunt,

Fest. p.253 Müll.—

Subst.: pŏpŭlārĭa, ĭum, n. (sc. subsellia), the seats of the people in the theatre, the common seats, Suet. Claud. 25; id. Dom. 4 fin. —

In partic.

Of or belonging to the same people or country, native, indigenous (as an adj. rare):

Sappho puellis de popularibus querentem vidimus,

Hor. C. 2, 13, 25:

flumina,

of the same district, Ov. M. 1, 577:

oliva,

native, id. ib. 7, 498.—

As subst.: pŏpŭlāris, is, comm. (freq. and class.).

Masc., a countryman, fellow-countryman:

redire ad suos populares, Naev. ap. Fest. s. v. stuprum, p. 317 Müll.: o mi popularis, salve,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 79:

o populares,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 1; id. Ad. 2, 1, 1:

popularis ac sodalis suus,

Cic. Ac. 2, 37, 118:

ego vero Solonis, popularis tui, ut puto, etiam mei, legem neglegam (for Cicero had also lived in Athens),

id. Att. 10, 1, 2:

popularis alicujus definiti loci (opp. civis totius mundi),

id. Leg. 1, 23, 61:

non populares modo,

Liv. 29, 1:

cum turbā popularium,

Just. 43, 1, 6: quae res indicabat populares esse.—

Fem.:

mea popularis opsecro haec est?

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 35; 4, 4, 36; 4, 8, 4 al.; Sall. J. 58, 4:

tibi popularis,

Ov. M. 12, 191.—

Transf.

Of animals and plants of the same region:

leaena, Ov. lb. 503: (glires) populares ejusdem silvae (opp. alienigenae, amne vel monte discreti),

Plin. 8, 57, 82, § 224:

populares eorum (prunorum) myxae,

id. 15, 13, 12, § 43.—

Of persons of the same condition, occupation, tastes, etc., a companion, partner, associate, accomplice, comrade: meus popularis Geta, fellow (i. e. a slave), Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 1:

populares conjurationis,

Sall. C. 24, 1; 52, 14:

sceleris,

id. ib. 22, 1: invitis hoc nostris popularibus dicam, the men of our school, i. e. the Stoics, Sen. Vit. Beat. 13.—

In a political signification, of or belonging to the people, attached or devoted to the people (as opposed to the nobility), popular, democratic:

res publica ex tribus generibus illis, regali et optumati et populari confusa modice,

Cic. Rep. 2, 23, 41 (ap. Non. 342, 31):

homo maxime popularis,

Cic. Clu. 28, 77:

consul veritate non ostentatione popularis,

id. Agr. 1, 7, 23: animus vere popularis, saluti populi consulens, id. Cat. 4, 5, 9:

ingenium,

Liv. 2, 24:

sacerdos, i. e. Clodius, as attached to the popular party,

Cic. Sest. 30, 66:

vir,

Liv. 6, 20: homo, of the common people (opp. rex), Vulg. Sap. 18, 11. —Hence, subst.: pŏpŭlāres, ĭum, m., the people's party, the democrats (opp. optimates, the aristocrats):

duo genera semper in hac civitate fuerunt... quibus ex generibus alteri se populares, alteri optimates et haberi et esse voluerunt. Quia ea quae faciebant, multitudini jucunda esse volebant, populares habebantur,

Cic. Sest. 45, 96:

qui populares habebantur,

id. ib. 49, 105:

ex quo evenit, ut alii populares, alii studiosi optimi cujusque videantur,

id. Off. 1, 25, 85.—

Acceptable to the people, agreeable to the multitude, popular:

dixi in senatu me popularem consulem futurum. Quid enim est tam populare quam pax?

Cic. Agr. 2, 4, 9:

potest nihil esse tam populare quam id quod ego consul popularis adfero, pacem, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 37, 102:

quo nihil popularius est,

Liv. 7, 33, 3:

populare gratumque audientibus,

Plin. Paneg. 77, 4.—

Of or belonging to the citizens (as opposed to the soldiery):

quique rem agunt duelli, quique populare auspicium,

Cic. Leg.2, 8; cf.Amm. 14, 10; usually as subst.: popŭlāris, is, m., a citizen (post-class.):

multa milia et popularium et militum,

Capitol. Ant. Phil. 17; Dig. 1, 12, 1 fin.:

popularibus militibusque,

Juv. 26, 3, 5; Amm. 22, 2.—

Belonging to or fit for the common people; hence, common, coarse, mean, bad: sal. Cato, R. R. 88:

pulli (apium),

Col. 9, 11, 4: popularia agere, to play coarse tricks, Laber. ap. Non. 150, 25.—Hence, adv.: pŏpŭlārĭter.

After the manner of the common people, i. e. commonly, coarsely, vulgarly, Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:

loqui,

id. Fin. 2, 6, 17:

scriptus liber (opp. limatius),

id. ib. 5, 5, 12.—

In a popular manner, popularly, democratically:

agere,

Cic. Off. 2, 21, 73:

conciones seditiose ac populariter excitatae,

id. Clu. 34, 93:

occidere quemlibet populariter,

to win popularity, Juv. 3, 37.

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